Dental Disease in Dogs
Canine Dental Disease
Dental disease is extremely common in elderly dogs. Periodontal disease (a disease that affects the structures that support the teeth) is the most common problem, in contrast to humans, where dental caries and decay occur more frequently. Periodontal disease begins with the formation of plaque, a creamy yellow substance made of saliva, proteins, and bacteria. Plaque is not easily seen with the naked eye but begins to form a few minutes after brushing, both in humans and animals.
After several weeks, the gums become inflamed and red, a condition known as gingivitis. In the UK, over 80% of dogs and cats suffer from gingivitis. As the disease progresses, the plaque becomes mineralized by salivary calcium phosphate to form the hard brown substance called tartar. The gums then recede and bleed easily, causing pain and smelly breath. Human sufferers complain of a horrible taste in the mouth.
What can we do to prevent dental disease?
Toothbrushing
This is by far the most effective way of reducing periodontal disease. It must be done as part of a daily routine. A soft/medium pediatric or specially designed dog toothbrush is the best thing to use, but finger brushes are also available. Human toothpaste should NOT be used, as animals do not like the taste or the frothing action. Also, human toothpaste is not designed to be swallowed and may cause an upset tummy. There are toothpastes designed for dogs available at our reception.
Diet
There are now several diets on the market that have been designed to assist in preventing dental disease. Complete diets are available that can be fed exclusively or as a treat. The special biscuits do not crumble when bitten but allow the teeth to penetrate them and, therefore, act to wipe the teeth clean. Please ask us for more information on any of these diets above.
Treats such as rawhide chews, pig ears, risk biscuits, and raw vegetables (carrots, cauliflower stalks) will also help clean teeth. Bones are not recommended because they are responsible for many broken teeth and risk gut blockage or damage.
Dentals
If severe periodontal disease is present, your veterinary surgeon or nurse may recommend that your animal have its teeth professionally cleaned. For humane and safety reasons, this has to be done under general anesthesia. Your pet will be thoroughly checked by examination, and blood samples will be taken where necessary before an anesthetic is given. The tartar is removed from the teeth, then scaled ultrasonically and polished. Any teeth that are severely broken, loose, or diseased can be extracted. Antibiotics may also be given after a dental if gingivitis is severe. It is essential to continue a dental hygiene regime at home and have regular veterinary checks after a dental procedure.
If you would like to have a chat about your dog’s teeth or bad breath with one of our pet health professionals, please contact us or register online.